References

 

(To 6.1)

 

1.      Hayward, A.R., The human fetus and newborn: development of the immune response, 1983, Birth Defects Orig. Artic. Ser.,  19,  289.

2.      Szekeres-Bartho, J.,  2002, Immunological relationship between the mother and the fetus, Int. Rev. Immunol.,   21, 471.

3.      Reinhard, G., Noll, A., Schlebusch, H., Mallmann, P., and Ruecker, A.V., 1998, Shifts in the TH1/TH2 balance during human pregnancy correlate with apoptotic changes, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.,  245, 933. 

4.      Dealtry, G.B., O'Farrell, M.K., and Fernandez, N., 2000, The Th2 cytokine environment of the placenta, Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol.,  123,107.

5.     Miyaura, H., and Iwata, M., 2002, Direct and indirect inhibition of Th1 development by progesterone and glucocorticoids,  J. Immunol.,  168, 1087. 

6.      Salafia, C.M., Sherer, D.M., Spong, C.Y., Lencki, S., Eglinton, G.S., Parkash, V., Marley, E., and Lage, J.M., 1997, Fetal but not maternal serum cytokine levels correlate with histologic acute placental inflammation,  Am. J. Perinatol., 14, 419.

7.      Aaltonen, R., Heikkinen, T., Hakala, K., Laine, K., and Alanen, A., 2005, Transfer of proinflammatory cytokines across term placenta, Obstet. Gynecol., 106, 802.

8.      Druckmann, R., and Druckmann, M.A., 2005, Progesterone and the immunology of pregnancy,  J. Steroid. Biochem. Mol. Biol.,  97, 389.

9.      Anne Croy, B., van den Heuvel, M.J., Borzychowski, A.M., and Tayade, C., 2006, Uterine natural killer cells: a specialized differentiation regulated by ovarian hormones, Immunol.Rev.,    214, 161. 

10.    Quenby, S., and Farquharson, R., 2006, Uterine natural killer cells, implantation failure and recurrent miscarriage, Reprod. Biomed. Online,  13,  24. 

11.    Sargent, I.L., Borzychowski, A.M., and Redman, C.W., 2006, NK cells and human pregnancy--an inflammatory view, Trends Immunol.,  27, 399.

12.    Szekeres-Bartho, J., Polgar, B., Kozma, N., Miko, E., Par, G., Szereday, L., Barakonyi, A., Palkovics, T., Papp, O., and Varga, P., 2005, Progesterone-dependent immunomodulation, Chem. Immunol. Allergy,  89, 118. 

13.    Fatusic, Z., 2006, Immunological aspect of spontaneous and habitual abortion, Med. Arh.,  60, 129.

14.    Kozma, N., Halasz, M., Palkovics, T., and Szekeres-Bartho, J., 2006, The progesterone-induced blocking factor modulates the balance of PKC and intracellular Ca, Am. J. Reprod. Immunol.,   55, 122. 

15.    Trundley, A., and Moffett, A., 2004, Human uterine leukocytes and pregnancy, Tissue Antigens,  63, 1. 

16.    Jauniaux, E., Jurkovic, D., Gulbis, B., Liesnard, C., Lees, C., and Campbell, S.,  1995, Materno-fetal immunoglobulin transfer and passive  immunity during the first trimester of human pregnancy, Hum. Reprod.,    10, 3297.

17.    Malek, A., Sager, R., and Schneider, H.,  1998, Transport of proteins across the human placenta,  Am. J. Reprod. Immunol., 40, 347.

18.    Melchers, F., and Rolink, A.,   1999, B lymphocyte  development and biology, In: Fundamental Immunology, W.E. Paul (Ed.), Lippincott-Raven Public., Philadelphia-New York,  . 183.

19.    Hashira, S., Okitsu-Negishi, S., and Yoshino, K., 2000, Placental transfer of IgG subclasses in a Japanese population,  Pediatr. Int., 42, 337.

20.    Koopman, L.A., Kopcow, H.D., Rybalov, B., Boyson, J.E., Orange, J.S. Schatz, F., Masch, R., Lockwood, C.J., Schachter, A.D., Park, P.J., and Strominger, J.L., 2003, Human decidual natural killer cells are a unique NK cell subset with immunomodulatory potential,  J. Exp. Med.,    198, 1201. 

21.    Strominger, J.L., 2004, Human decidual lymphocytes and the immunobiology of pregnancy, J. Reprod. Immunol.,  62, 17.

22.    Le Bouteiller, P., and Tabiasco, J., 2006, Immunology of pregnancy: renewed interest,  Med. Sci. (Paris),    22,  745. 

23.    Tan, X.W., Liao, H., Sun, L., Okabe, M., Xiao, Z.C., and Dawe, G.S., 2005, Fetal microchimerism in the maternal mouse brain: a novel population of fetal progenitor or stem cells able to cross the blood-brain barrier? Stem Cells,    23, 1443.

24.    Ness, R.B., and Sibai, B.M., 2006, Shared and disparate components of the pathophysiologies of fetal growth restriction and preeclampsia,  Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 195, 40.

25.    Keren, D.F., 1992, Antigen processing in the mucosal immune system, Semin. Immunol.,  4, 217.

26.    Brune, T., Koch, H.G., Plumpe, U., Coenen-Worch, V., Harms, E., and Louwen, F., 2002, Effect of pathological perinatal conditions on the maternal-fetal transfer of mononuclear cells, Fetal Diagn. Ther., 17, 110.

27.    Jin, L.P., Li, D.J., Zhang, J.P., Wang, M.Y., Zhu, X.Y., Zhu, Y., Meng, Y., and Yuan, M.M., 2004, Adoptive transfer of paternal antigen-hyporesponsive T cells induces maternal tolerance to the allogeneic fetus in abortion-prone matings, J. Immunol., 173, 3612.

28.  Mor, G., and Abrahams, V.M., 2003, Potential role of macrophages as immunoregulators of pregnancy,  Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol.,  1, 119. 

29.    Voiculescu, B., Nat, R., Lin, E., and Iosef, C., 2000, Apoptosis in human embryo development: 1. Cerebral cortex, J. Cell. Mol. Med.,    4, 284. 

30.    Nat, R., Voiculescu, B., Stanciu, C., Vidulescu, C., Cergan, R., Badiu, C., and Popescu, L.M.,  2001, Apoptosis in human embryo development: 2. Cerebellum,  J. Cell Mol. Med.,  5,179. 

31.  Fabian, D., Koppel, J., and Maddox-Hyttel, P., 2005, Apoptotic processes during mammalian preimplantation development, Theriogenology,   64,  221.

32.    Zepp, F., Cussler, K., Mannhardt, W., Schofer, O., and Schulte-Wissermann, H., 1987, Intrathymic tolerance induction: determination of tolerance to class II major histocompatibility complex antigens in maturing T lymphocytes by a bone marrow-derived non-lymphoid thymus cell, Scand. J. Immunol.,  26, 589.

33.    Classen, J.B., and Shevach, E.M., 1991, Evidence that cyclosporine treatment during pregnancy predisposes offspring to develop autoantibodies, Transplantation, 51, 1052.

34.    Buxton, D., Anderson, I.E., Longbottom, D., Livingstone, M., Wattegedera, S., and Entrican, G., 2002, Ovine chlamydial abortion: characterization of the inflammatory immune response in placental tissues, J. Comp. Pathol., 127, 133.

35.    Rossi, G., Romagnoli, S., Lauretti, L., Pancotto, L., Taccini, E., Rappuoli, R., Del Giudice, G., and Ruggiero, P., 2004, Helicobacter pylori infection negatively influences pregnancy outcome in a mouse model, Helicobacter.,  9, 152. 

36.    Brown, M.B., Peltier, M., Hillier, M., Crenshaw, B., and Reyes, L., 2001, Genital mycoplasmosis in rats: a model for intrauterine infection, Am. J. Reprod. Immunol.,  46, 232.

37.    Peltier, M.R., and Brown, M.B., 2005, Experimental genital mycoplasmosis causes increased levels of mRNA for IL-6 and TNF-alpha in the placenta,  Am. J. Reprod. Immunol.,  53, 189.

38.    Maley, S.W., Buxton, D., Macaldowie, C.N., Anderson, I.E., Wright, S.E., Bartley, P.M., Esteban-Redondo, I., Hamilton, C.M., Storset, A.K., and Innes, E.A., 2006, Characterization of the immune response in the placenta of cattle experimentally infected with Neospora caninum in early gestation,  J. Comp. Pathol., 135, 130.

39.    Banks, E.M., Kyriakidou, M., Little, S., and Hamblin, A.S., 1999, Epithelial lymphocyte and macrophage distribution in the adult and fetal equine lung, J. Comp. Pathol.,   120, 1.

40.    Zusman, I., and Beniashvili, D., 2001, The interspecies sensitivity to transplacental effects of carcinogens, In Vivo, 15, 93.

41.    Ben-Hur, H., Gurevich, P., Elhayany, A., Avinoach, I., Schneider, D.F., and Zusman, I., 2005, Transport of maternal immunoglobulins through the human placental barrier in normal pregnancy and during inflammation, Int. J. Mol. Med., 16, 401.

42.    Tamiolakis, D., Kotini, A., Jivannakis, T., and Papadopoulos, N., 2003, Induction of hepatic granulopoiesis due to chorioamnionitis during the second trimester of development,  Eur. J. Obstet.Gynecol. Reprod. Biol.,  110,164. 

43.    Hood, I.C., Browning, D., de Sa, D.J., and Whyte, R.K., 1985, Fetal inflammatory response in second trimester candidal chorioamnionitis,  Early Hum. Dev., 11, 1.

44.     Ben-Hur, H., Gurevich, P., Hagay, Z., Huszar, M., Ziv-Sokolovskaya, N., Shezen, E., and Zusman, I., 1998,  Insufficiency of the immune system in fetuses and infants with  sepsis: Morphological and morphometric studies, J. Histotechnol., 21, 309.

45.    Toti, P., De Felice, C., Occhini, R., Schuerfeld, K., Stumpo, M., Epistolato, M.C., Vatti, R., and Buonocore, G., 2004, Spleen depletion in neonatal sepsis and chorioamnionitis, Am. J. Clin. Pathol., 122, 765. 

46.    Schmidt, B., Cao, L., Mackensen-Haen, S., Kendziorra, H., Klingel, K., and Speer, C.P., 2001, Chorioamnionitis and inflammation of the fetal lung,  Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.,   185, 173. 

47.    Pfisterer, C., Faber, R., and Horn, L.C., 2005, Chorioamnionitis-induced changes of fetal extramedullar hematopoiesis in the second trimester of gestation. Is diagnosis from fetal autopsy possible?  Virchows Arch., 446, 150.

48.    Mellembakken, J.R., Aukrust, P., Hestdal, K., Ueland, T., Abyholm, T., and Videm, V., 2001, Chemokines and leukocyte activation in the fetal circulation during preeclampsia,  Hypertension,   38,  394.

49.    Zhang, Z., Gong, F., Jia, L., Chang, C., Hou, L., Yang, R., and Zheng, F., 2004, Studies on activity of NK cells in preeclampsia patients, J. Huazhong Univ. Sci. Technolog. Med. Sci.,  24, 473.

50.    Tamiolakis,. D., Venizelos, I., Kotini, A., Nikolaidou, S., and Papadopoulos, N., 2003, Prevalence of CD8/CD4 ratio in the fetal thymic parenchyme in Down's syndrome, Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove),   46,179.

51.    Papadopoulos, N., Simopoulos, C., Venizelos, J., Kotini, A., Skaphida, P., and Tamiolakis, D., 2003, Fetal thymic medulla functional alterations in Down's syndrome, Minerva Med.,  94, 181.

52.    Imaizumi, M., Pritsker, A., Unger, P., and Davies, T.F., 2002, Intrathyroidal fetal microchimerism in pregnancy and postpartum, Endocrinology, 143, 247.

53.    Srinivasan, H.B., and Vidyasagar, D., 1999, Meconium aspiration syndrome: current concepts and management,  Compr. Ther.,  25, 82.

54.    Wiswell, T.E., 2001, Handling the meconium-stained infant, Semin. Neonatol., 6, 225.

55.    Ziadeh, S.M., and Sunna, E., 2000, Obstetric and perinatal outcome of pregnancies with term labour and meconium-stained amniotic fluid, Arch. Gynecol. Obstet., 264, 84 and.

56.    Cleary, G.M., and Wiswell, T.E., 1998, Meconium-stained amniotic fluid and the meconium aspiration syndrome, An update. Pediatr. Clin. North. Am., 45, 511.

57.    Clark, P., and Duff, P., 1995, Inhibition of neutrophil oxidative burst and phagocytosis by meconium, Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 173, 1301.

58.    Craig, S., Lopez, A., Hoskin, D., and Markham, F., 2005, Meconium inhibits phagocytosis and stimulates respiratory burst in alveolar macrophages, Pediatr. Res., 57, 813.

59.    Motta, M., Tincani, A., Lojacono, A., Faden, D., Gorla, R., Airo, P., Neri, F., Gasparoni, A., Ciardelli, L., de Silvestri, A., Marconi, M., and Chirico, G., 2004, Neonatal outcome in patients with rheumatic disease, Lupus, 13, 718. 

 

(To 6.2)

60.        Mannick, E., and Udall, J.N., 1996, Neonatal gastrointestinal mucosal immunity, Clin.Perinatol., 23, 287.

61.    Cummins, A.G., and Thompson, F.M., 1997, Postnatal changes in mucosal immune response: A physiological perspective of breast feeding and weaning, Immunol. Cell. Biol., 75, 419.

62.    Brandtzaeg, P., 1995, Molecular and cellular aspects of secretory immunoglobulin system, Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Immunol. Scand.,103, 1.

63.    McGhee, J.R., and Kiyono, H., 1999, The mucosal immune system, In: Fundamental Immunology, W.E. Paul (Ed.), Lippincott-Raven Publ.,  Philadelphia-New York, 909.

64.  Gurevich, P., Elhayany, A., Ben-Hur, H., Moldavsky, M., Szvalb, S., Zandbank, J.,  Schneider, D.F., and  Zusman, I., 2003, Secretory component, J chain, and immunoglobulins in human embryos and fetuses of the first trimester of pregnancy: Immunohistochemical study, Ped. Dev. Path., 6, 36.

65.   Gurevich, P., Elhayany, A., Ben-Hur, H., Moldavsky, M., Szvalb, S., Zandbank, J.,    Shperling, I., and  Zusman, I.. 2003, An immunohistochemical study of the secretory immune system in human fetal membranes and deciduas of the first trimester of pregnancy, Am. J. Reprod. Immunol., 50.13.

66.   Thrane, P.S., Rognum, T.O., and Brandtzaeg, P., 1991, Ontogenesis of the secretory immune system and innate defense factors in human parotid glands, Clin. Exp. Immunol., 86, 342.

67.      Smith, D.J., and Taubman, M.A.,  1992, Ontogeny of immunity to oral  microflora in humans, Crit. Rev. Oral Biol. Med., 3, 109. 

68.  Stoltenberg, L., Thrane, P.S., and Rognum, T.O., 1993, Development of immune response markers in the trachea in the fetal period and the first year of life, Pediatr. Allergy Immunol., 4, 13.

69.  Endo, H., and Oka, T.,  1995, Histological and immunohistochemical  analysis of lung development, with particular reference to lung hypoplasia, Early Human Dev., 43, 233.

70.  Braegger, C.P., Spencer, J., and MacDonald, T.T., 1992, Ontogenetic aspects of the intestinal immune system in man, Int. J. Clin. Lab. Res., 22, 1.

71.    Brandtzaeg, P., Halstensen, T.S., Huitfeldt, H.S., Krajci, P., Kvale, D., Scott, H., and Thrane, P.S., 1992, Epithelial expression of HLA, secretory component (poly-Jg receptor), and adhesive molecules in human alimentary tract, Ann. NY Acad. Sci.,  664, 157.

72.  Rognum, T.O., Thrane, P.S., Stoltenberg, L., Vege, A., and Brandtzaeg, P., 1992, Development of intestinal mucosal immunity in fetal life and the first postnatal months, Pediatr. Res., 32, 145.

73.  Ben-Hur, H., Gurevich, P., Huszar, M., Ziv-Sokolovsky, N., Hagay, Z., Isaegson, I., Berman, V., and Zusman, I., 1997, Immunoglobulin A in the epithelium of the respiratory tract and intrahepatic bile ducts of fetuses and newborns with pneumonia and sepsis, Human Antibod., 8, 119.

74.  Dietrich, C., Jecker, P., Tschernig, T., and Mann, W.J., 2004, Presence of dendritic cells, T lymphocytes, macrophages, B lymphocytes and glandular tissue in the human fetal larynx, Acta Otolaryngol., 124, 833.

75.  Cleveland, M.G., Bakos, M.A., Pyron, D.L., Rajaraman, S., and Goldblum, R.M., 1991, Characterization of secretory component in amniotic fluid. Identification of new form of secretory IgA,  J. Immunol., 147, 181.

76.   McNamara, J.G., 1999, Immunology of the fetus, In: Medicine of the Fetus and Mother, E.A. Reece and J.C. Hobbins (Eds.), Lippincott-Raven Publ., Philadelphia-New York,   131.

77.   Jones, C.A., Vance, G.H., Power, L.L., Pender, S.L., Macdonald, T.T., and Warner, J.O., 2001, Costimulatory molecules in the developing human gastrointestinal tract: a pathway for fetal allergen priming, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 108, 235.

78.  Gurevich, P., Ben-Hur, H., Schwalb, S., Thcanyshev, R., Berman, V., Gershon, S., and Zusman, I., 2002, The lymphoid-epithelial secretory immune system: A new mechanism of self-protection in human fetuses  during the second trimester of gestation, Ped. Dev. Pathol., 5, 22.

79.  Goldblum, R.M., Hanson, L.Å., and Brandtzaeg, P., 1995, The mucosal defense system, In:  Immunologic Disorders in Infants and Children, E.R. Stiehm (Ed.),   Saunders Co.,  Philadelphia, 159.

80.   Gurevich, P., Erina, S., Gershon, S., and Zusman, I., 1997, The role of the fetal immune system in pathogenesis of RhD-hemolytic disease of newborns, Human Antibod., 8, 76.

81.   Quan, C.P., Forestier, F., and Bouvet, J.P.,  1999, Immunoglobulins of the human amniotic fluid, Am. J. Reprod. Immunol., 42, 219.

82.   Bennett, W.A., Allbert, J.R., Brackin, M.N., Morrison, J.C., and Cowan, B.D., 1999, Secretory component in human amniotic fluid and gestational tissues: a potential endogenous phospholipase A2 inhibitor,  J. Soc. Gynecol. Investig., 6, 311.

83.    Palfi, M., Hildén, J.O., Gottvall, T., and Selbing, A., 1998, Placental transport of maternal immunoglobulin G in pregnancies at risk of Rh (D) hemolytic disease of the newborn, Am. J. Reprod. Immunol., 39, 323.

84.   De Franco, A.L.,  1999, B lymphocyte activation, In: Fundamental Immunology,  W.E. Paul (Ed.), Lippincott-Raven Public., Philadelphia-New York,   225.

85.   Fox, H.,  1999, Normal and abnormal placentation,  In:  Medicine of the Fetus and Mother, E.A. Reece  and J.C. Hobbins (Eds.), Lippincott-Raven Public., Philadelphia-New York, 47.